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http://www.silvercollection.it/DICTIONARYEUHALLMARKGERMANY.HTML
GERMAN HALLMARKS. Since 1888 Germany uses uniform marks for silver and gold. These marks are the "Crescent and crown" (Halbmond und Reichskrone) for silver and the "Sun and Crown" (Sonne und Reichskrone) for gold. In addition the fine content and maker's marks are used. Minimum silver fineness is 800/1000, but 830, 835, 900, 925 and 935 ...
https://www.925-1000.com/Fgerman_marks.html
German Hallmarks - Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks. German Hallmarks • Before - 1886. German Hallmarks • After - 1886. •. Hanau Pseudo-Marks. Hamburg Hallmarks ~ 19th C.
http://www.silvercollection.it/germansilverhallmark2.html
German hallmarking system was unified in 1888 (Decree January 7, 1886) adopting the national mark "Crescent and crown" (Halbmond und Reichskrone) for silver and the "Sun and Crown" (Sonne und Reichskrone) for gold.Silver fineness is expressed in thousands with a minimum silver content of 800/1000, but 830, 835, 900, 925 and 935 purities are also used.
https://www.925-1000.com/Fgerman_marks_a1884_2.html
In 1884 a law was enacted making .800 the minimum national standard for silver in Germany. In 1886 the use of individual city marks was abolished and replaced by the national mark (reichsmark) of a crescent moon & crown mark (Halbmond und Krone) representing the entire German state.
https://www.langantiques.com/university/hallmarks-makers-marks-resource-list/
German marks. Rosenberg (1922), Der Goldschmiede Merkzeichen; French Marks. Chaffers & Markham (1899), Hand Book to French Hall Marks on Gold and Silver Plate; Cripps (1880), Old French Plate, a Handbook for the Collector; British Marks. Chaffers (1899), Gilda Aurifabrorum: A History of English Goldsmiths and Plateworkers, and their Marks ...
https://www.invaluable.com/blog/guide-to-jewelry-marks/
Apr 06, 2020 · The study of jewelry maker’s marks is a fascinating subject, steeped in history, culture, and art. Often overlooked due to their intentionally hidden location and diminutive size, the etchings found inscribed on a piece of modern or vintage jewelry offer a window into the “who, what, and where” of the piece – and are well worth a serious look.
https://www.drloriv.com/antique-tips/silver-jewelry-marks-and-more/
In 1961, jewelry manufacturers were further mandated to include a maker’s mark showing who or which company produced a piece of jewelry. This 1906 act was enacted to protect and inform the public using silver jewelry marks. Silver Purity Marks. Silver, a soft metal, is …
https://worldeccentricitycharm.com/blogs/news/costume-jewelry-hallmarks-a-to-z
Costume Jewelry Hallmarks: A to Z Posted by Laurie Zeiden on Sep 06, 2018 My blog series, Costume Jewelry Hallmarks , is an ongoing project to catalog costume jewelry hallmarks.
https://www.langantiques.com/university/hallmarks-on-period-jewelry/
Hallmarks on Period Jewelry. For estate jewelers and jewelry historians, hallmarks provide for an extra source of information to accurately date a jewelry object and determine by whom it was made. The most encountered hallmark on jewelry is undoubtedly the “purity” mark which indicates the total amount of gold or silver used to manufacture ...
http://www.amaterracrianza.com/jewelry-makers-marks-in-alphabetical-order/
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